The New Homes and Red Tape in Ontario: Residential Land-Use Regulation in the Greater Golden Horseshoe finds that typical compliance costs were $46,569 per unit of new housing in Toronto compared to $20,961 in Hamilton.
In Oakville, one of the most regulated municipalities in the region, the cost is more than $60,000.
“Costly and confusing regulations, long approval times, rezoning delays, and overall uncertainty for developers both increases the costs and impedes new homes from being built throughout the Golden Horseshoe,” said Kenneth Green, a senior research director at the Fraser Institute and co-author of the study.
The red tape ranking, which includes survey data from 2014 and 2016, compares municipalities in the Greater Golden Horseshoe on the length and uncertainty of construction approval times, regulatory costs and fees, rezoning prevalence and level of opposition to development.
Toronto ranked 20th out of 23 municipalities, ahead of only Oakville, Ajax and King Township.
Toronto earned low marks in the survey for having the highest opposition to new housing development from city council and community groups and for requiring nearly 70 per cent of all new residential development property to be rezoned.
In Toronto’s case, the rezoning process takes more than seven months (on average) to complete—nearly double the region’s average of four months.
“If city councils in the Golden Horseshoe really want to increase the supply of housing and lower prices, they should consider more sound regulatory regimes that encourage, not stifle, residential development,” Green said.
*Greater Golden Horseshoe municipalities (least regulated at the top):
Burlington
Hamilton
Milton
Brampton
Uxbridge
Whitby
East Gwillimbury
Markham
Vaughan
Newmarket
Halton Hills
Oshawa
Bradford West Gwillimbury
Mississauga
Pickering
Whitchurch-Stouffville
Caledon
Richmond Hill
Aurora
Toronto
Oakville
Ajax
King Township
*This aggregate index only includes municipalities that garnered sufficient numbers of survey responses.
(Source: Fraser Institute news release)
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